Lactose

Lactose is notable for lactose and FODMAPs. Clear on gluten, histamine, fructose, oligosaccharides, sorbitol, sucrose, tyramine, salicylate, nickel and oxalates.

Yes — lactose is high in lactose. This IS lactose. Whether it comes from milk or is added as a purified powder makes no difference to someone short of lactase - it is the same sugar, listed here in its concentrated form. Tolerance is dose-dependent: EFSA puts the amount most lactose-intolerant people handle in one sitting at around 12 g. Two things go with that 12 g, and they matter more than the number: EFSA could set NO single threshold that fits everyone, and some people react below 6 g. It is an opinion on TOLERANCE, not on composition - it gives no lactose value for any food, and it cannot declare a given serving safe for a given person.

Yes — lactose is high in FODMAPs. Lactose is a disaccharide - the D in FODMAP. Without enough lactase it passes undigested into the colon, where bacteria ferment it. That is the same mechanism as any other FODMAP, which is why a FODMAP profile flags it even when lactose intolerance has not been diagnosed separately. Monash gives a SERVE THRESHOLD, which is a different object from a content. A threshold answers how much, and for grams per hundred the papers are the source, not the app. The class it belongs to is Gibson and Shepherd's, who named FODMAPs by class - fructose, lactose, fructans and galactans, polyols - and defined them by what they do: deliver rapidly fermentable substrate AND WATER to the end of the small intestine. Their trial found that restricting the whole class works where restricting one member at a time does not, and that the effect reverses on reintroduction. It is a review of the approach, so it carries no value for any food. Amounts vary by brand and recipe, so always check the label of the exact product.